investigation of plant growth regulators effects on callus induction and shoot regeneration of bunium persicum (boiss.) b. fedtsch.

parsi zira, bunium persicum (boiss.) b. fedtsch., or black zira, a member of the umbellifera family, is one of the most important medicinal species with high economic value. generally, there is limited information about in vitro culture of bunium persicum. in this study, the effect of various media (ms, b5) and combinations of plant growth regulators, naa and 2,4-d alone or together with kin, on callus induction and shoot regeneration from hypocotyl explant were investigated. this experiment has been carried out in a completely randomized design with 30 treatments and 10 replications per treatment. the results showed significant effects of treatments on regeneration and callus induction. all the measured traits for ms medium were superior. the highest callus frequency was observed on the medium containing 0.1 mg l-1 or 1 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) as well as 2 mg l-1 2,4-d and 0.5 mg l-1 kinetin. the best treatment for somatic embryogenesis was the medium containing 2 mg l-1 2,4-d. the best response for shoot regeneration was observed on the medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 2,4-d. the medium containing 1 mg l-1 2,4-d was the best for callus induction and shoot regeneration simultaneously. the regenerated shoots were rooted on basal medium.